Research

Our laboratory investigates the neural circuit mechanisms underlying social impairments in neuropsychiatric disorders. Using cutting-edge neuroscience techniques, we aim to understand how specific brain circuits control social behavior and emotional processing, and how dysfunction in these circuits contributes to conditions such as autism, depression, and anxiety disorders.

Research Areas

Neural Circuits

Mapping circuits controlling social behavior and emotions

We focus on identifying and characterizing the neural circuits that regulate social behavior, emotional processing, and stress responses. Our work has revealed critical roles for several brain regions including the medial preoptic area (mPOA), medial septum, pontine central gray, and their interconnected networks in mediating complex behaviors.

Key Discoveries

  • Identified the medial preoptic area as a hub that antagonistically mediates stress-induced anxiety and parental behavior
  • Discovered a non-canonical reticular-limbic auditory pathway that contributes to fear conditioning
  • Characterized septal-habenular pathways that transform sensory cues into aversive emotions
  • Mapped distributed networks underlying ultra-fast awakening responses to alerting sounds

Selected Publications

Medial preoptic area antagonistically mediates stress-induced anxiety and parental behavior
Zhang GW, Shen L, Tao C, et al.
Nature Neuroscience, 2021
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A non-canonical reticular-limbic central auditory pathway via medial septum contributes to fear conditioning
Zhang GW, Sun WJ, Zingg B, et al.
Neuron, 2018
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Transforming sensory cues into aversive emotion via septal-habenular pathway
Zhang GW, Shen L, Tao C, et al.
Neuron, 2018
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Social Behavior

Understanding social impairments in neuropsychiatric disorders

Our research investigates how social behaviors emerge from neural circuit activity and how disruptions in these circuits lead to social impairments. We recently made groundbreaking discoveries about prosocial behaviors in rodents, including reviving-like behaviors toward unconscious conspecifics, providing new insights into empathy and prosocial motivation.

Research Focus

  • Prosocial behaviors and empathy-like responses in rodent models
  • Neural mechanisms of parental behavior and social bonding
  • Social impairments in autism and depression models
  • Stress-induced changes in social interaction patterns

Selected Publications

Reviving-like prosocial behavior in response to unconscious or dead conspecifics in rodents
Sun W, Zhang GW, Huang JJ, et al.
Science, 2025
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Glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in pontine central gray mediate opposing valence-specific behaviors
Xiao C, Wei J, Zhang G, et al.
Neuron, 2023
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Molecular Mechanisms

Cellular and molecular basis of social dysfunction

We investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying social dysfunction, with particular focus on excitation-inhibition balance, neurotransmitter systems, and hormonal regulation. Our work has revealed how chronic stress and hormonal changes alter neural circuit function to produce depression-like states and anxiety behaviors.

Key Findings

  • Excitation-inhibition imbalance in mPOA circuits underlies stress-induced depression
  • GABAergic projections mediate hormone withdrawal-induced depressive behaviors
  • Somatostatin neurons in medial septum drive reward and appetitive learning
  • Cell-type specific contributions to behavioral outcomes in neuropsychiatric conditions

Selected Publications

Excitation-inhibition imbalance in medial preoptic area circuits underlies chronic stress-induced depression-like states
Tao C, Zhang GW, Sun WJ, et al.
Nature Communications, 2024
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The medial preoptic area mediates depressive-like behaviors induced by ovarian hormone withdrawal
Tao C, Zhang GW, Huang JJ, et al.
Nature Neuroscience, 2023
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A bottom-up reward pathway mediated by somatostatin neurons in the medial septum
Shen L, Zhang GW, Tao C, et al.
Nature Communications, 2022
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Therapeutic Targets

Translating discoveries into treatment strategies

Our ultimate goal is to translate our basic science discoveries into therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric disorders. We focus on identifying druggable targets within the neural circuits we study, particularly those involved in social impairments, anxiety, and depression. Our work on Alzheimer's disease also explores neuropsychiatric symptoms and sensory processing deficits as potential intervention points.

Translational Focus

  • Identifying circuit-specific interventions for depression and anxiety
  • Developing biomarkers for neuropsychiatric symptoms in neurodegenerative diseases
  • Testing novel therapeutic approaches using optogenetics and chemogenetics
  • Exploring hormonal and neuromodulatory treatment strategies

Selected Publications

The neural basis of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease
Zhang NK, Zhang SK, Zhang LI, Tao HW, Zhang GW
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 2024
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Sensory processing deficits and related cortical pathological changes in Alzheimer's Disease
Zhang NK, Zhang SK, Zhang LI, Tao HW, Zhang GW
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 2023
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Techniques & Approaches

Optogenetics

Precise control of neural activity using light

Chemogenetics

Designer receptors for circuit manipulation

In Vivo Imaging

Real-time monitoring of neural activity

Behavioral Analysis

Sophisticated paradigms for social behaviors

Circuit Tracing

Mapping neural connections and pathways

Electrophysiology

Recording neural signals and synaptic activity

Funding Support

NIH/NIMH
NIH/NIA
Brain & Behavior Research Foundation
VCU School of Medicine